Mass Baptism at Cedar Point, Sandusky, Ohio

 Mass Baptism at Cedar Point, Sandusky, Ohio, 1922

Ernst Niebergall Photograph Collection

This photograph of the mass baptism in Lake Erie is part of the Ernst Niebergall Collection preserved by the late Charles E. Frohman  at the Rutherford B Hayes Library and Museums.  It is dated 1919, but according to the Watch Tower History of the Jehovah's Witness International Bible School Association, it was one of the photographs taken during the nine-day convention held at Cedar Point, Sandusky, Ohio, from September 5th through the 13th in 1922.

The baptism in Lake Erie of some 200 delegates took place on September 6th at sunrise during an open-air, praise and prayer service. The baptism was conducted by the vice president of the association Pastor C. A. Wise of Indianapolis. Participants waded into Lake Erie where volunteers assisted with their immersion. More than 6,000 onlookers attended the baptism. 

More than 10,000 delegates from the U.S., Canada, and Europe gathered to hear talks given simultaneously in 11 different languages.  The Breakers Hotel was packed to "overflowing." Cedar Point management housed attendees in other buildings on the grounds.

                                       

Brother Joseph F. Rutherford speaking in the Coliseum

 

According to the history, the high point of the convention took place on the 8th when some 8,000 people gathered in the Coliseum to hear Brother Rutherford's famous speech "The Kingdom" which urged delegates to "advertise the King and the Kingdom." The audience was "electrified" when a banner above the stage was unfurled and proclaimed those very words.

At this convention a resolution was passed to oppose war, revolution, anarchy, and violence in any form. Members opposed WWI and would do so again during WWII.  It was not until 1946 and 1953 Supreme Court cases exempted members from military service

The convention was filmed, but it has never been located.

 

The Kline Block, Fremont, Ohio

 

Kline Block, 200-202 E. State St, Fremont, Ohio

Rutherford B. Hayes Library and Museums

Henry Kline constructed this building in 1893. It was considered one of the finest business structures in Fremont, Ohio.  It was  located on the northeast corner of East State Street and Sandusky Avenue.  The versatile Mr. Kline is said to have run successful  plumbing, sand, pork packing, and wholesale liquor businesses.  The ornate gazebo on the roof was an east side landmark where at one time the Agerman Band played music on Saturday nights to the delight of listeners on park benches below.  The Kline family lived in the fine Victorian house at the right.  The photograph was taken in the 1890s.

     

William McKinley, 25th U.S. President

William McKinley, 25th President

 President Donald Trump has given high praise to 25th President  William McKinley. McKinley's policies on high tariffs and territorial expansion have attracted President Trump's interest. In a recent AP article, Associate Professor of History Kevin Kern at the University of Akron, does not "think there has been as much interest in William McKinley in at least a century in terms of the kind of public consciousness." It was in1928 when his portrait appeared on the $500 bill!

Born in Niles, Ohio in 1843, William McKinley served in the 23rd Ohio Volunteer Regiment during the Civil War where he met and fought beside his mentor Rutherford B Hayes. Following the war, he lived in Canton, Ohio, where he practiced law and married Ida Saxton. 

Saxton-McKinley House
National First Ladies Historic Site, Canton, Ohio

National Park Service

Elected to the U.S. Congress in 1876, McKinley regarded the protective tariff  as a means of bringing prosperity to the nation. The U.S. was just beginning to develop its industrial might, unlike today's global economy. The McKinley Tariff of 1890 was highly controversial, leading to his Congressional defeat after seven terms.

Ohioans elected McKinley its governor in 1891 and again in 1893.  In 1896, the Republican Party chose McKinley as its candidate for the U.S. Presidency. After the famous "front porch campaign," he took office during a deep depression. He  championed "sound money," protective tariffs, and territorial expansion. 

Statue of William McKinley outside Lucas County Courthouse
Toledo, Ohio

Creative Commons

The Republic of Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1900. Spain, in its peace settlement following the Spanish-American War, gave up to the U. S. its colonies: Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico.  The U.S. Army controlled Cuba until 1902.

McKinley's second term was cut short when he was shot by Leo Czolgosz on September 6, 1901 in Buffalo,  New York. He died eight days later.

McKinley Monument and Final Resting Place, Canton, Ohio

National Historic Landmark

The McKinley Presidential Library and Museum offers a greater understanding of his protective tariff and territorial expansion policies. Professor Kern believes McKinley was beginning to change his views on tariffs in a speech he gave the day before he was assassinated.

  

President McKinley shot at Pan American Exposition, Buffalo, N. Y.

Library of Congress

The Hayes Presidential Library and Museum contains more information about McKinley during his Civil War service in the 23rd Ohio when President Hayes was his commander. 

Fremont, Ohio Opera House

Fremont Ohio Opera House

Rutherford B. Hayes Library and Museums

 

In 1891 the Fremont Opera House opened to much fanfare.  The structure, located at West State and Arch Streets, replaced many smaller and cruder entertainment venues. Buffalo Bill of Wild West fame and magician Harry Houdini were among the national celebrities to perform at Fremont. 

With the coming of movie theaters, radio, and television, the old Opera House gradually declined. In its final days, it served as an Army Navy store before being razed in 1958 to make room for the Liberty National Bank. This photograph was taken in 1898. 

Elmore Manufacturing Company

 

Introduction

The Elmore Manufacturing Company began manufacturing bicycles   in Elmore, Ohio in  1892. The company relocated to Clyde, Ohio where it operated from 1893 to 1912. Automobile manufacturing began in 1898. The cars featured 2-cycle valveless engines. The Pathfinder won an endurance race from New York to St. Louis, and was exhibited at the World's Fair. Elmores were also used as taxi cabs.   At the height of its operation, the company made nearly 1,200 cars a year. In 1909, the owners sold the company to General Motors, which later moved it to Detroit, and eventually stopped production of the Elmore cars.

Pathfinder, St. Louis Exposition 1904

First Elmore Car  

Elmore Car 1905

                                                   

            Elmore Car 1906

Elmore Taxis

From Bicycles to Automobiles

The founder, Harmon Becker, moved to Elmore, Ohio in 1869 with his wife and four children. He established a sawmill and stave factory on the banks of the Portage River.  Becker and his sons, James and Burton, began manufacturing bicycles in Elmore 1892.

Looking for more spacious quarters to produce the Elmore bicycles, the Beckers in 1893 purchased an empty organ factory in Clyde, Ohio. The Elmore Manufacturing Company was located at 51 Amanda Street in Clyde from 1893 to 1912. From an operation that employed 50 workers and produced 500 bicycles in 1892, the new Clyde plant was able to manufacture 1,500 bicycles in 1898 with 80 employees.

Elmore Manufacturing Company, Clyde, Ohio

Not willing to sell their business to the American Bicycle Company, a trust, the Beckers quit making bicycles in 1897, and began to concentrate their energies on automobiles. The following year the Beckers began the construction of a two-cycle motor, and had a car on the road by early 1900.  By February 1 of that year, the very first Elmore car had been assembled with the  second following three months later. In 1902 the Beckers introduced a horizontal-type motor, changing the design in 1903 to a two-cylinder engine.

As production increased at the Clyde plant, more than 200 workers were employed, producing an average four cars per day.  On October 28, 1908, the Becker brothers incorporated the Elmore Manufacturing Company under the laws of the state of Ohio.  Nearly a year  later, James and Burton Becker, who had earlier bought out their father's interest in the car business, sold the company to General Motors on November 25, 1909 for a reported one million dollars. Burton A, Becker was to continue as the firm's general manager.

From Clyde,  Ohio to Detroit, Michigan

The year following the sale, GM spent $600,000 on an addition to the Elmore plant. At the height of its operation, the Elmore plant had nearly 500 employees who produced 1,100 to 1,200 cars each year.  The sudden resignation of Burton Becker in 1911 prompted General Motors to relocate the Elmore headquarters in Detroit. Later that year General Motors without notice closed the Elmore car works in Clyde, shipping all the factory's machinery to Detroit. The 1912 production was to include the following car line: Torpedo Roadster, Light Torpedo, and a five-passenger touring car.

In 1912 the "Fremont Daily News" reported that the former Elmore plant was to be sold to the Clyde Motor Company.  Although Krebs Commercial Cars and later Clydesdale Trucks  operated out of the old Elmore plant, both were only assembly jobs.  The depression of 1929 ended forever automobile production in Clyde, except for steering wheel parts made by the J.M. Machine Shop. With the dismantling of the Elmore car factory, no further Elmore cars were ever produced.

A version of this post first appeared on the Sandusky-County-Scrapbook that is no longer featured on the Internet.

Ohio's Revolutionary War Soldiers' Gravesites

 In celebration of the 250th anniversary of the United States of America 250-Ohio, in partnership with the Ohio State Historic Preservation Office, Terracon Consultants, Inc., Daughters of the American Revolution and Sons of the American Revolution, are documenting the grave sites of Revolutionary War veterans buried in Ohio. 

More than 200,000 soldiers served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War (1775-1783). Lacking funds to pay its veterans, millions of acres in Ohio were set aside for veterans who received bounty land warrants to settle on. It is because of these lands, known as the United States Military Bounty and the Virginia Military Bounty, that as many as 7,000 veterans are buried in over 1,700 Ohio cemeteries. 

In early 2025, a campaign began to record  the gravestones of American Revolutionary War veterans and patriots buried in Ohio. This effort, the first of its kind in the state, calls on Ohioans to participate in field data collection. With more than 7,000 veterans' graves to document, public researchers are asked to help in this great task. 

These organizations believe it is our duty to document the past so that "generations yet unborn may know the sacrifice and achievement of their forbearers". For more information on how you can participate, go to the  Grave Marker & Cemetery Collection portal. Your help is needed in this monumental effort. 

As noted in an earlier post, on May 17th at 1 P.M. Ottawa County Ohio will honor five known Revolutionary War soldiers at the Wolcott Family Cemetery in Danbury Twp.

Fremont Ohio Community Band

Fremont (Ohio) Band 

Rutherford B. Hayes Library and Museums 

This 5 x 7 inch photograph is an image of the Fremont (Ohio) Band organized in 1859 by George Held and  Fred Fabing with twelve members. From left to right are J. Spicher, H. Nelhi, Fred Fabing, F.  Faller, Phil Zimmerman, Godfried Gephard, Adam Hodes (bass drum), and Ed Schertinger (snare drum).